Load in casting and pressing concrete piles

Load in casting and pressing concrete piles

Loads are external forces that when applied to a building will cause a change in stress state (internal force) and deformation in the building's components. In construction design, construction loads or more precisely loads and actions are impacts on construction works, in the form of forces (loads). and other effects other than forces such as (temperature differences, forced deformation).

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Loads are impacts, in the form of actual forces, imposed from the outside or the weight of the building structure itself, that the building structure must carry.

Although the temperature difference between parts of the structure and the forced deformation of the structural walls are not forces, they are also special forms of building loads, because of their influence on the structure. The structure of the building is the same: it causes the structure to generate internal forces to resist them.

There are many types of forces acting on building structures, corresponding to each type are loads. There are many ways to classify loads:

According to the duration of effect

a) Long-term load, acting throughout the working process of the project (construction's own weight, land pressure...);

b) Instantaneous load, acting on the project in a short period of time compared to the entire working time of the project (wind load, convoy traveling on the bridge...)

According to the site of action

a) Immovable load, with a constant position during the working process of the project (Self weight, weight of objects placed on the structure...);

b) Moving loads (live loads) have changing positions on the construction site.

Dynamic load

Dynamic load is the force caused by objects outside the structure acting on the structure while they are moving in the direction of the structure and causing acceleration and displacement of the structural elements.

For example, the gravity of people moving on a structure will be a dynamic load.

According to the nature of the effect

Static weight

a) Static load acts on the structure with increasing intensity to the final value, during the application process does not cause inertial force or the influence of inertial force is small enough to be ignored;

b) Dynamic loads, when applied to structures, cause inertial forces with significant effects and need to be considered in calculations. For example: Load applied suddenly at the same time with its entire value, impact load (weight of hammer on pile), load whose value changes periodically over time. 9 electric motors have eccentric mass rotating during work), seismic force (earthquake), etc.

It may be the force that imposes dead load during structural work, located above or inside (i.e. the gravity of the structure itself), of the building structure.

For example: The weight of the finishing layers (plaster, paving, etc.) and the weight of the reinforced concrete floor structure itself are the dead load acting on the reinforced concrete floor structure. The weight of the floor reinforced concrete and the weight of the floor mold system are the dead load acting on the floor mold structure.

According to shape

a) Concentrated load, placed on the structure on a very small area moe56t (considered as a point) compared to the size of the entire structure (wheel pressure on the rail);

b) Distributed load, acting continuously over an area or length of the building. Distributed load is characterized by load intensity, that is, the load value over an area (or length) as that area (Length) approaches zero. Distributed load has a constant intensity called is an evenly distributed load.

 According to the source causing the load

Wind load: is the horizontal thrust of the corner, impacting on the construction work.

Wind load is a special type of dynamic load.

Earthquake Load: Fracture phenomenon in the earth's crust that causes changes in the earth's surface. This fracture creates a shock from the center of the fractured area to the earth's surface.

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