What is a pile that can withstand horizontal loads?
In current conventional calculations, we are designing shallow pile foundations assuming the piles are not subjected to bending. This assumption is acceptable because the soil pressure on the piles and foundation can balance the shear force Q transmitted from the superstructure. To achieve the closest balance between Q and soil pressure, calculations are based on the assumption that the horizontal load is completely "absorbed" by the soil above the foundation base.
In fact, the pile can still withstand bending:
– Piles are subjected to bending during construction: this is during lifting and transportation.
– Piles are subjected to bending during operation.
In exploitation, piles are subjected to horizontal loads and bending due to:
– Soil pressure and changes in soil pressure on the pile shaft.
– The complex dynamics of the soil alter the value and direction of soil pressure. It is subjected to large lateral loads exceeding passive soil pressure.
– The piles have a high slenderness ratio.
– Withstands earthquake loads.
….
However, studying soil pressure on piles is an extremely complex issue, and many researchers have been focusing on this issue (For example, in the world there are Reese, Matlock, in Vietnam there is Dr. Dao Van Tuan - University of Chemistry) [1]
Currently, countries such as the US, China, and Germany often calculate the problem of pile foundations subjected to horizontal loads according to the model considering pile-soil interaction working simultaneously with many different modeling types.
For example, the Chinese "m" method assumes that the soil modulus increases linearly with depth to simulate pile-soil interaction (Thuan Phuoc Suspension Bridge Tower Foundation Calculation Table); the US, on the other hand, simulates pile-soil interaction under lateral load using the py curve theory (nonlinear pile-soil interaction model). These py curves are constructed based on collected parameters of piles under lateral load and soil characteristics (many of which require very complex experiments). (From Structural Wiki)
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